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<span style="display:none;font-size:0px;line-height:0px;max-height:0px;max-width:0px;opacity:0;overflow:hidden">Explore some of the data resources that preserve the history and experiences of former slaves and their descendants.</span>
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<img align="center" alt="Juneteenth - Celebrate Freedom - June 1: A Data Resource Guide From ICPSR" src="https://mcusercontent.com/22efdb2c40e55b8126be00251/images/4c882fcc-00ce-86e5-59c4-6c0049a608eb.gif" width="534" style="max-width:534px;padding-bottom:0;display:inline!important;vertical-align:bottom;border:0;height:auto;outline:none;text-decoration:none">
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<td valign="top" style="padding-top:0;padding-right:18px;padding-bottom:9px;padding-left:18px;word-break:break-word;color:#202020;font-family:Helvetica;font-size:16px;line-height:150%;text-align:left">
<h1 dir="ltr" style="text-align:left;display:block;margin:0;padding:0;color:#202020;font-family:Helvetica;font-size:26px;font-style:normal;font-weight:bold;line-height:125%;letter-spacing:normal">Great data resources from ICPSR to inform your Juneteenth 2021 celebration!</h1>
<p dir="ltr" style="margin:10px 0;padding:0;color:#202020;font-family:Helvetica;font-size:16px;line-height:150%;text-align:left">Saturday, June 19, 2021, marks 156 years since, “two and a half years after President Abraham Lincoln’s historic Emancipation Proclamation, U.S. Maj. Gen. Gordon Granger issued General Order No. 3, which informed the people of Texas that all enslaved people were now free.” (<a href="https://www.archives.gov/news/articles/juneteenth-original-document" style="color:#007c89;font-weight:normal;text-decoration:underline" target="_blank">National Archives</a>). This historic day has since become known and commemorated as Juneteenth, and also Freedom Day, and Emancipation Day. </p>
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<p dir="ltr" style="margin:10px 0;padding:0;color:#202020;font-family:Helvetica;font-size:16px;line-height:150%;text-align:left">As we remember the first Juneteenth, we explore some of the data resources that preserve the history and experiences of former slaves and their descendants.<br>
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<p dir="ltr" style="text-align:center;margin:10px 0;padding:0;color:#202020;font-family:Helvetica;font-size:16px;line-height:150%"><img align="center" alt="Should the government pay reparations?" height="600" src="https://mcusercontent.com/22efdb2c40e55b8126be00251/images/ea9a3443-8e09-6a9e-77ae-c1b0c56b146f.png" style="border:0px;width:600px;height:600px;margin:0px;outline:none;text-decoration:none" width="600"></p>
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National Survey of American Life Self-Administered Questionnaire (NSAL-SAQ), February 2001-June 2003 (<a href="https://myumi.ch/Bo5WB" style="color:#007c89;font-weight:normal;text-decoration:underline" target="_blank">ICPSR 27121</a>)</h3>
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<li dir="ltr"><span>The National Survey of American Life Self-Administered Questionnaire (NSAL-SAQ), February 2001-June 2003, asked its participants: “How strongly do you agree or disagree with the following statements? “The government should give reparations (compensation, payback) to African Americans for historical injustices and slavery.” This question comes from <a href="https://myumi.ch/qg3RW" style="color:#007c89;font-weight:normal;text-decoration:underline" target="_blank">variable H76H</a>. Explore the full dataset to see how respondents answered this question and others.</span></li>
<li>What did former slaves remember about slave masters' actions after Emancipation? Some of the different scenarios that played out are preserved in variable <a href="https://myumi.ch/yK3NR" style="color:#007c89;font-weight:normal;text-decoration:underline" target="_blank">ACTEND</a> of the National Survey of American Life Self-Administered Questionnaire (NSAL-SAQ), February 2001-June 2003 (ICPSR 27121).</li>
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<p dir="ltr" style="margin:10px 0;padding:0;color:#202020;font-family:Helvetica;font-size:16px;line-height:150%;text-align:left"> </p>
<h3 dir="ltr" style="display:block;margin:0;padding:0;color:#202020;font-family:Helvetica;font-size:20px;font-style:normal;font-weight:bold;line-height:125%;letter-spacing:normal;text-align:left">Quantitative Data Coded from the Federal Writers' Project Slave Narratives, United States, 1936-1938 (<a href="https://myumi.ch/QA97q" style="color:#007c89;font-weight:normal;text-decoration:underline" target="_blank">ICPSR 36381</a>)</h3>
<p dir="ltr" style="margin:10px 0;padding:0;color:#202020;font-family:Helvetica;font-size:16px;line-height:150%;text-align:left">After Emancipation, did former slaves keep their names given by slave masters, or did they invent new names to go with their new lives? <a href="https://myumi.ch/r83o7" style="color:#007c89;font-weight:normal;text-decoration:underline" target="_blank">One of the variables</a> in Quantitative Data Coded from the Federal Writers' Project Slave Narratives asks former slaves about their choice of names after Emancipation.<br>
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<p dir="ltr" style="margin:10px 0;padding:0;color:#202020;font-family:Helvetica;font-size:16px;line-height:150%;text-align:left"><img alt="What is the origin of the former slave's choice of name?" height="600" src="https://mcusercontent.com/22efdb2c40e55b8126be00251/images/144bc8ca-9f19-d45c-5e15-c82470ec0293.png" style="border:0px;width:600px;height:600px;margin:0px;outline:none;text-decoration:none" width="600"><br>
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<h3 dir="ltr" style="display:block;margin:0;padding:0;color:#202020;font-family:Helvetica;font-size:20px;font-style:normal;font-weight:bold;line-height:125%;letter-spacing:normal;text-align:left">Economics of American Negro Slavery Series</h3>
<p dir="ltr" style="margin:10px 0;padding:0;color:#202020;font-family:Helvetica;font-size:16px;line-height:150%;text-align:left"><a href="https://myumi.ch/2Dnre" style="color:#007c89;font-weight:normal;text-decoration:underline" target="_blank">The Economics of American Negro Slavery Series</a> was developed by Robert W. Fogel and Stanley L. Engerman at the University of Rochester with data originally obtained from the notarized bills of sale at the New Orleans Notarial Archival Office, and probate records for southern counties obtained from the Genealogical Society library of the Church of Jesus Christ of Latter-Day Saints in Salt Lake City, Utah. These data were also included in the project: "The Relative Efficiency of Slave and Free Agriculture in 1850 and 1860," funded by the National Science Foundation. Data are provided on slave sale transactions, and personal characteristics of individuals appearing in group sale transactions (wherever possible), including characteristics of one "principal slave of record," and characteristics of children sold in a group with the principal slave of record.</p>
<p style="margin:10px 0;padding:0;color:#202020;font-family:Helvetica;font-size:16px;line-height:150%;text-align:left"> </p>
<h3 dir="ltr" style="display:block;margin:0;padding:0;color:#202020;font-family:Helvetica;font-size:20px;font-style:normal;font-weight:bold;line-height:125%;letter-spacing:normal;text-align:left">New Orleans Slave Sale Sample, 1804-1862 (<a href="http://myumi.ch/ov2mP" style="color:#007c89;font-weight:normal;text-decoration:underline" target="_blank">ICPSR 7423</a>)</h3>
<p dir="ltr" style="margin:10px 0;padding:0;color:#202020;font-family:Helvetica;font-size:16px;line-height:150%;text-align:left">This study includes data on slave sales that occurred on the New Orleans slave market between 1804-1862. For each sale, information was recorded on the date of the sale, the number of slaves on the invoice, the geographical origin of the buyer and seller, the sale price, and characteristics of the slaves sold (age, sex, family relationship, and occupation). The information presented for each transaction was obtained from the notarized bills of sale in the New Orleans Notarial Archival Office. These bills often contained information on several persons who were sold in a group or as a "lot." Whenever feasible, sale and personal characteristics of individuals appearing in such groups were entered on separate records. This was usually done when separate sale prices were recorded for each member of the group. When separate prices were not recorded for children sold in a group, information describing those children was attached to the record of a principal slave with whom they were associated on the original bill of sale.</p>
<p style="margin:10px 0;padding:0;color:#202020;font-family:Helvetica;font-size:16px;line-height:150%;text-align:left"> </p>
<h3 dir="ltr" style="display:block;margin:0;padding:0;color:#202020;font-family:Helvetica;font-size:20px;font-style:normal;font-weight:bold;line-height:125%;letter-spacing:normal;text-align:left">Slave Hires, 1775-1865 study (<a href="http://myumi.ch/E3G4K" style="color:#007c89;font-weight:normal;text-decoration:underline" target="_blank">ICPSR 7422</a>)</h3>
<p dir="ltr" style="margin:10px 0;padding:0;color:#202020;font-family:Helvetica;font-size:16px;line-height:150%;text-align:left">This study presents data pertaining to slave hiring transactions that occurred between 1775-1865 in eight states of the southern United States: Virginia, Maryland, North Carolina, South Carolina, Louisiana, Tennessee, Georgia, and Mississippi. The data were obtained from probate records on deposit in the Church of Jesus Christ of Latter-Day Saints Genealogical Society Library, Salt Lake City, Utah. Variables document the location of the hiring transaction and the period and rate of hire, as well as the hired slaves' age, sex, occupational skills, and condition of health. A related study is Slave Sales and Appraisals, 1775-1865 (ICPSR 7421), also prepared by Robert W. Fogel and Stanley L. Engerman.</p>
<p dir="ltr" style="margin:10px 0;padding:0;color:#202020;font-family:Helvetica;font-size:16px;line-height:150%;text-align:left"> </p>
<h3 dir="ltr" style="display:block;margin:0;padding:0;color:#202020;font-family:Helvetica;font-size:20px;font-style:normal;font-weight:bold;line-height:125%;letter-spacing:normal;text-align:left">Slave Sales and Appraisals, 1775-1865 (<a href="https://myumi.ch/jxPoN" style="color:#007c89;font-weight:normal;text-decoration:underline" target="_blank">ICPSR 7421</a>)</h3>
<p dir="ltr" style="margin:10px 0;padding:0;color:#202020;font-family:Helvetica;font-size:16px;line-height:150%;text-align:left">This study presents data pertaining to slave sales and appraisals that took place from 1775 to 1865 in eight states of the southern United States: Virginia, Maryland, North Carolina, South Carolina, Louisiana, Tennessee, Georgia, and Mississippi. The data were obtained from probate records on deposit in the Church of Jesus Christ of Latter-Day Saints Genealogical Society Library, Salt Lake City, Utah. Variables document the sale locations and the appraised and sale values of the slaves, as well as the slaves' age, sex, occupational skills, and condition of health. A related study is Slave Hires, 1775-1865 (ICPSR 7422), also prepared by Robert W. Fogel and Stanley L. Engerman.<br>
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<p dir="ltr" style="text-align:center;margin:10px 0;padding:0;color:#202020;font-family:Helvetica;font-size:16px;line-height:150%"><img alt="General Order No. 3, as seen in the National Archives" height="546" src="https://mcusercontent.com/22efdb2c40e55b8126be00251/images/a05eecbb-9732-d77c-da02-a432766aa92a.png" style="border:0px;width:600px;height:546px;margin:0px;outline:none;text-decoration:none" width="600"><br>
<em>General General Order No. 3, as seen in the <a href="https://www.archives.gov/news/articles/juneteenth-original-document" style="color:#007c89;font-weight:normal;text-decoration:underline" target="_blank">National Archives</a>, informed the people of Texas that all enslaved people were now free.</em><br>
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<h3 dir="ltr" style="display:block;margin:0;padding:0;color:#202020;font-family:Helvetica;font-size:20px;font-style:normal;font-weight:bold;line-height:125%;letter-spacing:normal;text-align:left">Three-Generation National Survey of Black American Families, 1979-1981 (<a href="http://myumi.ch/K4QBA" style="color:#007c89;font-weight:normal;text-decoration:underline" target="_blank">ICPSR 9288</a>)</h3>
<p dir="ltr" style="margin:10px 0;padding:0;color:#202020;font-family:Helvetica;font-size:16px;line-height:150%;text-align:left">This dataset was created by merging information collected from three questionnaires that form part of the National Survey of Black Americans, 1979-1980 (ICPSR 8512) (NSBA). The three questionnaires were (1) the original cross-sectional survey questionnaire, (2) the reinterview questionnaire, and (3) the family members questionnaire. All three were administered from 1979-1981. The unit of analysis in this dataset is three generations of a family, or a "triad." Each unit or record has identical variables for the three individuals making up a triad (i.e., a grandparent, parent, and child). There are 510 triads in this dataset. The study explores feelings and attitudes across the three generations regarding neighborhood-community integration, services, crime and community contact, the role of religion and the church, physical and mental health, and self-esteem. Employment, the effects of chronic unemployment, the effects of race on the job, and interaction with family and friends are also examined. In addition, the survey provides information on racial attitudes, race identity, group stereotypes, and race ideology. Demographic variables include age, education, income, occupation, and political behavior, and affiliation.</p>
<p style="margin:10px 0;padding:0;color:#202020;font-family:Helvetica;font-size:16px;line-height:150%;text-align:left"> </p>
<h3 dir="ltr" style="display:block;margin:0;padding:0;color:#202020;font-family:Helvetica;font-size:20px;font-style:normal;font-weight:bold;line-height:125%;letter-spacing:normal;text-align:left">Resource Center for Minority Data</h3>
<p dir="ltr" style="margin:10px 0;padding:0;color:#202020;font-family:Helvetica;font-size:16px;line-height:150%;text-align:left">The <a href="http://myumi.ch/3qzBK" style="color:#007c89;font-weight:normal;text-decoration:underline" target="_blank">Resource Center for Minority Data (RCMD)</a> provides educators, researchers, and students with data resources so that they can produce analysis of issues affecting minority populations in the United States.</p>
<p style="margin:10px 0;padding:0;color:#202020;font-family:Helvetica;font-size:16px;line-height:150%;text-align:left"> </p>
<h3 dir="ltr" style="display:block;margin:0;padding:0;color:#202020;font-family:Helvetica;font-size:20px;font-style:normal;font-weight:bold;line-height:125%;letter-spacing:normal;text-align:left">Philadelphia Social History Project: Pennsylvania Abolition Society and Society of Friends Manuscript Census Schedules, 1838, 1847, 1856 (<a href="http://www.icpsr.umich.edu/web/ICPSR/studies/03805" style="color:#007c89;font-weight:normal;text-decoration:underline" target="_blank">I</a><a href="https://myumi.ch/51k5V" style="color:#007c89;font-weight:normal;text-decoration:underline" target="_blank">CPSR 3805</a>)</h3>
<p dir="ltr" style="margin:10px 0;padding:0;color:#202020;font-family:Helvetica;font-size:16px;line-height:150%;text-align:left">Initially taken in 1838 to demonstrate the stability and significance of the African American community and to forestall the abrogation of African American voting rights, the Quaker and Abolitionist census of African Americans was continued in 1847 and 1856 and present an invaluable view of the mid-nineteenth century African American population of Philadelphia. Although these censuses list only household heads, providing aggregate information for other household members, and exclude the substantial number of African Americans living in white households, they provide data not found in the federal population schedules. When combined with the information on African Americans taken from the four federal censuses, they offer researchers a richly detailed view of Philadelphia's African American community spanning some forty years.</p>
<p style="margin:10px 0;padding:0;color:#202020;font-family:Helvetica;font-size:16px;line-height:150%;text-align:left"> </p>
<h3 dir="ltr" style="display:block;margin:0;padding:0;color:#202020;font-family:Helvetica;font-size:20px;font-style:normal;font-weight:bold;line-height:125%;letter-spacing:normal;text-align:left">National Survey of Black Americans Series</h3>
<p dir="ltr" style="margin:10px 0;padding:0;color:#202020;font-family:Helvetica;font-size:16px;line-height:150%;text-align:left"><a href="http://myumi.ch/xmGVq" style="color:#007c89;font-weight:normal;text-decoration:underline" target="_blank">The National Survey of Black Americans (NSBA) series</a> was developed by the Program for Research on Black Americans at the Institute for Social Research, University of Michigan. It was initiated in 1977 with funding provided by the National Institute of Mental Health, Center for the Study of Minority Group Mental Health. The series was developed to address the limitations in the existing research literature on the study of Black Americans. It seeks to provide an appropriate theoretical and empirical approach to concepts, measures, and methods in the study of Black Americans. The size and representativeness of the sample permit systematic investigation of the heterogeneity of the adult Black population. The series furnishes data on major social, economic, and psychological aspects of Black American life.</p>
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<h3 dir="ltr" style="display:block;margin:0;padding:0;color:#202020;font-family:Helvetica;font-size:20px;font-style:normal;font-weight:bold;line-height:125%;letter-spacing:normal;text-align:left">External data resources</h3>
<p dir="ltr" style="margin:10px 0;padding:0;color:#202020;font-family:Helvetica;font-size:16px;line-height:150%;text-align:left">Do you know about an external resource that should be in this list? <a href="https://docs.google.com/forms/d/e/1FAIpQLSe-9ehmcx3yDo-aYX-9sy22zC82h_VEvfeZxDAM55XoGZIxjA/viewform?usp=sf_link" style="color:#007c89;font-weight:normal;text-decoration:underline" target="_blank">Please let us know</a>! Thanks! </p>
<p style="margin:10px 0;padding:0;color:#202020;font-family:Helvetica;font-size:16px;line-height:150%;text-align:left"> </p>
<h3 dir="ltr" style="display:block;margin:0;padding:0;color:#202020;font-family:Helvetica;font-size:20px;font-style:normal;font-weight:bold;line-height:125%;letter-spacing:normal;text-align:left">Extend your research impact: Archive your Juneteenth-related research with ICPSR</h3>
<p dir="ltr" style="margin:10px 0;padding:0;color:#202020;font-family:Helvetica;font-size:16px;line-height:150%;text-align:left">Do you have data related to Juneteenth that you’d like to archive and share? Consider archiving it with ICPSR so that it may continue to answer research questions in the years to come. Visit our <a href="https://myumi.ch/dO3Q5" style="color:#007c89;font-weight:normal;text-decoration:underline" target="_blank">data deposit page</a> for more information.</p>
<p style="margin:10px 0;padding:0;color:#202020;font-family:Helvetica;font-size:16px;line-height:150%;text-align:left"> </p>
<p dir="ltr" style="margin:10px 0;padding:0;color:#202020;font-family:Helvetica;font-size:16px;line-height:150%;text-align:left">Contact: <a href="mailto:dkni@umich.edu" style="color:#007c89;font-weight:normal;text-decoration:underline" target="_blank">Dory Knight-Ingram</a></p>
<p style="margin:10px 0;padding:0;color:#202020;font-family:Helvetica;font-size:16px;line-height:150%;text-align:left"> </p>
<p dir="ltr" style="margin:10px 0;padding:0;color:#202020;font-family:Helvetica;font-size:16px;line-height:150%;text-align:left"><strong>Related:</strong></p>
<p dir="ltr" style="margin:10px 0;padding:0;color:#202020;font-family:Helvetica;font-size:16px;line-height:150%;text-align:left"><a href="https://www.icpsr.umich.edu/web/about/cms/2429" style="color:#007c89;font-weight:normal;text-decoration:underline" target="_blank">ICPSR highlights data on slavery, Black History, as nation observes Juneteenth 2020</a></p>
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